Baat seedhi: FAT aur SNF kyun matter karta hai?
Agar aap doodh bechte hain, to yeh scene zaroor hua hoga — koi bolta hai "bhai, aaj FAT kam aa gaya, rate cut ho gaya." Ya "is baar SNF achha tha, thoda bonus bhi mila." Yeh do words — FAT aur SNF — hi decide karte hain ki aapko doodh ka kitna paisa milega.
Pehle baat simple thi — litre gino, paisa lo. Ab Amul, Mother Dairy, Saras, Gokul — sab FAT aur SNF dono dekhkar rate dete hain. Matlab agar aap yeh nahi samajhte, to shayad aapko roz ₹2-5 per litre kam mil raha hai. Poore mahine ka hisaab lagao — hazaaron ka chakkar hai.
Is guide mein bilkul seedha samjhenge:
- FAT kya hota hai?
- SNF kya hota hai?
- Maapte kaise hain?
- Rate kaise nikalta hai?
- Gaay aur bhains ke doodh mein kya farak hai?
- Example ke saath poora hisaab
- FAT/SNF kaise accha rakhen
Chalte hain.
FAT kya hai? (What is Milk FAT?)
FAT matlab vasa (butterfat) — doodh ka woh hissa jisse makkhan, ghee aur khoya banta hai. Yeh doodh ka sabse kimti hissa hai. Doodh thodi der rakh do — upar jo peeli parat jam jaati hai, wahi FAT hai.
FAT ko percentage mein maapte hain. "4% FAT" ka matlab — 100 litre doodh mein karib 4 litre vasa (wazn ke hisaab se).
FAT ki normal matra
Alag jaanwar, alag FAT:
| Pashu | Normal FAT % | Achha FAT % |
|---|---|---|
| Gaay (Cow) | 3.5% - 4.5% | 4.0% se upar |
| Bhains (Buffalo) | 6.0% - 8.0% | 6.8% se upar |
| Bakri (Goat) | 4.0% - 5.0% | 4.5% se upar |
Seedha hisaab — bhains ka doodh gaay se dedh-duguna zyaada FAT wala hota hai. Isliye mithai ki dukanen aur halwai bhains ka doodh maangta hai.
SNF kya hai? (What is SNF?)
SNF ka full form hai Solids-Not-Fat — yaani vasa ko hatao, jo bacha woh sab. Doodh mein paani aur FAT ke alawa — protein, lactose (doodh ki cheeni), calcium, phosphorus, vitamins — yeh sab milkar SNF hai.
Simple formula:
Doodh = Paani + FAT + SNF
SNF bhi percentage mein maapte hain. Aur yeh utna hi zaroori hai — paneer, dahi, khoya sab mein FAT ke saath SNF bhi utna hi kaam aata hai.
SNF ki normal matra
| Pashu | Normal SNF % | Achha SNF % |
|---|---|---|
| Gaay | 8.0% - 8.7% | 8.5% se upar |
| Bhains | 8.8% - 9.5% | 9.0% se upar |
Maapte kaise hain?
Kai tarike hain — saste se lekar modern machine tak:
1. Lactometer — sabse sasta jugaad
Chhota sheeshe ka yantra, density maapata hai. Keemat sirf ₹150-300. Paani ki milawat turant pakad lete ho. Lekin akele lactometer se exact FAT nahi milta — sirf SNF ka rough idea.
2. Gerber Method — purana trusted tarika
10 ml doodh + 10 ml sulphuric acid + 1 ml amyl alcohol butyrometer mein daalte hain, phir centrifuge ghuma dete hain. Aaj bhi BIS ka reference method hai. Har sample mein ₹3-5 lagta hai, 15-20 minute ka kaam.
3. Lactoscan jaisi electronic milk analyser — ek minute mein sab kuch
Sample daalte hi 60 seconds mein FAT %, SNF %, density, added water %, protein % — sab screen par. Machine ₹60,000 se ₹2,00,000 tak milti hai. 200+ customers hain to 6-12 mahine mein khud vasool ho jaati hai.
Rate kaise nikalta hai?
Zyaadatar co-operative dairies two-axis pricing karti hain — FAT par alag rate, SNF par alag rate. Kai dairies flat rate chart deti hain jisme seedha likha hota hai "6.0% FAT, 9.0% SNF = ₹52/litre". Chart dekhte hi pata chal jaata hai.
Amul-jaisi flat rate chart (April 2026 ke aas-paas)
| FAT % | SNF % | Rate per litre |
|---|---|---|
| 6.0 | 9.0 | ₹52 |
| 6.5 | 9.0 | ₹56 |
| 7.0 | 9.0 | ₹60 |
| 7.0 | 9.2 | ₹62 |
| 7.5 | 9.2 | ₹65 |
FAT ya SNF base se kam ho to cut rate lagta hai. Zyaada ho to bonus rate milta hai.
Example — bhains ka doodh
Maan lo ek bhai ne subah 20 litre bhains ka doodh Amul collection centre par diya. Lactoscan report aayi:
- FAT: 7.0%
- SNF: 9.2%
Chart se rate ₹62/litre.
Kul aay = 20 × 62 = ₹1,240.
Ab sochiye — agar FAT 0.5% kam hota (yaani 6.5%), to rate ₹56 ho jaata. 20 litre = ₹1,120 — yaani ₹120 ka farak. Poore mahine mein yeh ₹3,600 ka nuqsaan hai, sirf 0.5% FAT girne se.
Gaay aur Bhains ka doodh — kya farak hai?
| Baat | Gaay ka doodh | Bhains ka doodh |
|---|---|---|
| FAT | 3.5-4.5% | 6.0-8.0% |
| SNF | 8.0-8.7% | 8.8-9.5% |
| Total Solids | lagbhag 12.5% | lagbhag 16% |
| Rate per litre (retail) | ₹55-65 | ₹80-95 |
| Mithai/khoya ke liye | theek | sabse achha |
| Pachane mein | halka | bhaari |
| Bachcho ke liye | pasandida | kam prefer |
Dhyan rakhein: bhains ka doodh ₹20-30 per litre tak zyaada dila sakta hai, lekin uski feeding cost bhi zyaada aati hai. Gaay ka margin thoda kam hai, par steady rehta hai.
FAT/SNF kaise accha rakhen?
Rate FAT-SNF se tay hota hai — to seedha sawal yeh hai ki inhe kaise upar rakhein. Jawaab jaanwar ke roz ke routine mein hai:
- Achha chaara dein: hara chaara, khali, daana — jitna behtar feed, utna achha FAT. Summer mein hara chaara kam ho to silage ya hydroponic fodder try karein.
- Milking se pehle than dhoyein: saaf-safai se bacterial count kam rehta hai, jisse SNF nahi girta.
- Paani kabhi mat milayen: yeh sirf gadbadi nahi — lactometer turant pakad leta hai. SNF girta hai aur CLR (corrected lactometer reading) bata deta hai kitna paani mila.
- Milking ka gap sahi rakhein: subah-shaam 10-12 ghante ka gap chahiye. Kam ya zyaada gap dono se FAT gir sakta hai.
- Tanaav se bachaayein: garmi, shor, naya mahol — jaanwar tanaav mein aaye to doodh aur FAT dono girte hain. Chhaon, pankha aur saaf baada chahiye.
- Haath se jaanch karayen: mastitis (thanaila) ya koi aur bimari SNF ko 0.5-1% tak gira sakti hai. Pashu doctor se mahine mein ek baar zaroor dikhaayen.
Ab kya karein: hisaab digital karein
Samajhna kaafi nahi — track karna bhi utna hi zaroori hai. Har customer ya supplier ka FAT, SNF, litre aur rate alag hota hai. Purani khata-bahi mein likhna aur har mahine calculate karna — yeh sab chhod do.
DudhHisaab app mein aap har supplier ka FAT-SNF record kar sakte hain, flat rate chart daal sakte hain, aur app khud sahi rate aur kul bakaaya nikaal deta hai. Na calculation galat, na bhool-chook.
DudhHisaab muft mein shuru karein — FAT/SNF pricing, customer ledger, WhatsApp bill — sab ek jagah.Last baat
FAT aur SNF — yeh do words doodh ke pure business ki neenv hain. Jo doodhwala bhai inhe samajhta hai, woh apne doodh ki sahi keemat leta hai. Jo nahi samajhta, woh har mahine hazaaron rupaye gawaa deta hai.
Yaad rakhein:
- FAT = makkhan/ghee wala hissa, 3.5-8% tak hota hai
- SNF = protein + lactose + minerals, 8-9.5% tak hota hai
- Dono milkar rate tay karte hain
- Lactoscan machine sabse sateek tarika hai
- Achha chaara aur saaf-safai se FAT-SNF badhaaya ja sakta hai
Apne har customer aur supplier ka FAT-SNF track karna shuru karein — yahi aage badhne ka pehla qadam hai.